{"title":"MAD300 Nasal Atomizer Spray Tips","description":"MAD300 Nasal Atomizer Spray Tips are medical devices used for delivering medication directly into the nasal passages in a fine mist form. This method ensures rapid absorption and onset of action, making it especially useful in emergency situations or when fast relief is needed. The spray tips are commonly used in conjunction with medications like naloxone for opioid overdose reversal, providing an easy and effective means of administration without the need for needles or injections. They are also used for administering other medications that require quick systemic delivery. Key health-related keywords include intranasal delivery, medication absorption, emergency medicine, opioid overdose treatment, naloxone, rapid onset, and non-invasive administration.","products":[{"product_id":"mad-nasal-intranasal-mucosal-atomization-device-without-syringe","title":"MAD Nasal Atomizer Device MAD300 by Teleflex","description":"\u003ch3\u003e#1 Intranasal Atomizer for Rapid, Needle-Free Drug Delivery\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTrusted by emergency medicine professionals and first responders for fast, effective, pain-free medication administration.\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eMAD Nasal™ Atomizer Device MAD300 by Teleflex\u003c\/strong\u003e is the leading medical-grade intranasal atomizer designed for \u003cstrong\u003eneedle-free, mucosal atomization drug delivery\u003c\/strong\u003e. Compatible with standard Luer-lock syringes, the MAD300 delivers medications quickly and efficiently across the highly vascularized nasal mucosa, ensuring rapid absorption and onset—especially critical in emergency and urgent care settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis compact, single-use device is widely used in hospitals, EMS, clinics, and home care to administer a wide variety of life-saving intranasal medications, including naloxone for opioid overdose, midazolam for seizures, fentanyl for pain, and more. Trusted for \u003cstrong\u003esafe, pain-free, and effective intranasal delivery\u003c\/strong\u003e in both adult and pediatric patients.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Features \u0026amp; Benefits\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNeedle-Free, Painless Drug Delivery:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reduces risk of needlestick injuries and enhances patient comfort—ideal for first responders, paramedics, and hospital personnel.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmediate Medication Absorption:\u003c\/strong\u003e Delivers atomized medication directly to the nasal mucosa for rapid systemic effect; perfect for emergencies where IV access is difficult.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVersatile Medical Applications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Suitable for administration of naloxone, midazolam, ketamine, fentanyl, lorazepam, and other critical care medications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUniversal Compatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e Attaches to any standard Luer-lock syringe for precise dosage control.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOptimized Particle Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e Produces fine mist (30-100 microns) to maximize mucosal coverage and absorption.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLow Dead Space \u0026amp; Waste:\u003c\/strong\u003e Efficient drug delivery with minimal medication loss.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSingle-Use, Latex-Free Design:\u003c\/strong\u003e Prevents cross-contamination and ensures sterility for each patient.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePediatric \u0026amp; Adult Use:\u003c\/strong\u003e Safe, effective, and pain-free for all ages, from infants and children to adults and geriatrics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eClinical Uses \u0026amp; Indications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEmergency Opioid Overdose:\u003c\/strong\u003e Intranasal naloxone delivery for rapid, life-saving reversal of respiratory depression.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSeizure Management:\u003c\/strong\u003e Intranasal midazolam and lorazepam for acute seizure or status epilepticus in pediatric and adult patients.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePain Control:\u003c\/strong\u003e Administer fentanyl or ketamine intranasally when IV access is delayed or unavailable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSedation \u0026amp; Anxiolysis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Delivery of sedative agents in pre-procedural, emergency, or pediatric settings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAnaphylaxis \u0026amp; Allergic Reactions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Needle-free epinephrine or antihistamine delivery (as guided by protocols).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBroad Range of EMS, Tactical, and Hospital Situations Where IV\/IM Is Not Feasible\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eManufacturer:\u003c\/strong\u003e Teleflex\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel:\u003c\/strong\u003e MAD Nasal™ Atomizer Device MAD300\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCompatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e Standard Luer-lock syringes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eParticle Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 30-100 microns\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLatex-Free:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e Individually wrapped, sterile, single-use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIntended Patient Population:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adults, children, infants\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplication:\u003c\/strong\u003e Emergency medicine, tactical medicine, EMS, hospital, prehospital care, home rescue kits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy Choose the Teleflex MAD Nasal™ Atomizer MAD300?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndustry-Leading Safety:\u003c\/strong\u003e Eliminate needlestick risks and cross-contamination.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProven Clinical Performance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Backed by research and trusted in thousands of hospitals, EMS, ambulances, and field settings worldwide.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRapid Medication Delivery:\u003c\/strong\u003e Delivers life-saving intervention seconds after administration—no IV setup required!\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEase of Use:\u003c\/strong\u003e Simple, intuitive design for immediate, error-free deployment in high-stress situations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow to Use\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAttach the MAD Nasal atomizer\u003c\/strong\u003e to a standard Luer-lock syringe prefilled with your prescribed medication.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInsert the soft tip\u003c\/strong\u003e into the nostril.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDepress the syringe plunger\u003c\/strong\u003e briskly to deliver atomized medication as a fine mist.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRepeat in both nostrils\u003c\/strong\u003e if larger volume is required, following provider protocols.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTraining recommended for all EMS, clinical, and emergency staff prior to use.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"VODHU pdMy8\"\u003eQuick. Safe. Needle-Free. The Teleflex MAD Nasal™ Atomizer Device MAD300 empowers first responders, EMTs, clinics, and families for life-saving, rapid intranasal medication delivery—every second counts!\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 style=\"font-size:1.75rem\"\u003eProtocol Sheet:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProtocol #1: Intranasal Naloxone for Suspected Opioid Overdose\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndication:\u003c\/strong\u003e Suspected opioid overdose with respiratory depression or unresponsiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedication:\u003c\/strong\u003e Naloxone (Narcan) 2 mg\/2 mL prefilled syringe or ampule, or as per local protocol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcedure:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssess patient:\u003c\/strong\u003e Confirm unresponsiveness\/somnolence and signs of opioid toxicity (e.g., pinpoint pupils, hypoventilation).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrepare equipment:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMAD Nasal™ Atomizer Device MAD300 (Teleflex)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuer-lock syringe prefilled with naloxone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePersonal protective equipment (PPE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssemble device:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRemove MAD Nasal atomizer from sterile packaging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttach to Luer-lock syringe containing naloxone.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdminister dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTilt patient’s head back slightly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert soft tip of the atomizer into one nostril.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBriskly depress plunger to deliver half the dose (1 mL).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRepeat in opposite nostril for remaining dose (1 mL).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMonitor patient:\u003c\/strong\u003e Assess for improvement in respiratory status. Repeat dosing every 2–3 minutes as needed per protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDocument:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time of administration, dose(s), response to therapy.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProtocol #2: Intranasal Midazolam for Acute Seizure or Status Epilepticus\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndication:\u003c\/strong\u003e Active seizure when IV\/IM access is not immediately available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedication:\u003c\/strong\u003e Midazolam, dose per patient weight and protocol (commonly 0.2 mg\/kg; maximum single dose per nostril varies).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcedure:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssess patient:\u003c\/strong\u003e Confirm active seizure, ensure airway patency, and adequate oxygenation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrepare equipment:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMAD Nasal™ Atomizer Device MAD300\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuer-lock syringe with midazolam (usually 5 mg\/1 mL or as prepared)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssemble device:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttach atomizer to syringe.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdminister dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDivide total dose equally between both nostrils.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert tip gently into each nostril, compress plunger to atomize medication.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMonitor:\u003c\/strong\u003e Observe for cessation of seizure and potential respiratory depression.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDocument:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dose, time, patient’s response.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProtocol #3: Intranasal Fentanyl for Acute Severe Pain\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndication:\u003c\/strong\u003e Acute moderate-to-severe pain when IV access is delayed or not available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedication:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fentanyl citrate (typically 1.5–2 mcg\/kg; confirm local protocol and maximum allowed per dose).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcedure:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssess patient:\u003c\/strong\u003e Confirm indication, check for opioid contraindications or allergies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrepare equipment:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMAD Nasal™ Atomizer Device MAD300\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuer-lock syringe prefilled with fentanyl (prepared per dosing guidelines)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssemble device:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttach atomizer to syringe.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAdminister dose:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDivide total volume equally between nostrils (usually max 1 mL per nostril).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInsert tip, rapidly compress plunger to deliver atomized medication.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMonitor:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vital signs, pain score, signs of respiratory depression.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDocument:\u003c\/strong\u003e Dose, time, pain response, any adverse reactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGeneral Guidelines \u0026amp; Safety Tips\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlways follow local medical direction and standing orders.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDo not exceed maximum volume of 1 mL per nostril.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor larger doses, split dose and alternate nostrils.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse new, sterile MAD Nasal™ Atomizer MAD300 device for each patient.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDispose of device after single use.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"VODHU pdMy8\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOrder today for essential emergency preparedness and gold-standard patient care.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Teleflex","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":5650370436,"sku":"MAD300","price":11.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0996\/0350\/files\/mad_nasal_intranasal_mucosal_atomization_device.jpg?v=1685632980"},{"product_id":"medical-nasal-atomizer","title":"Medical Nasal Atomizer Spray Tip","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Medical Nasal Atomizer is a highly effective device designed to deliver medication directly into the nasal passages with precision and ease. Medical professionals and patients alike prefer the Medical Nasal Atomizer for its ability to provide quick and targeted relief for a variety of conditions such as allergies, sinus infections, and migraines. The Medical Nasal Atomizer ensures optimal absorption and distribution of medications, making it a trusted tool in both clinical and home settings. Choosing a Medical Nasal Atomizer offers the advantages of accurate dosing, minimal discomfort, and enhanced results, making it an essential addition to any medical kit for effective nasal drug delivery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNasal atomizer works by transforming a liquid medication into a fine mist or spray, which can easily be inhaled through the nose into the nasal cavity. This atomization process helps the medication to be more easily absorbed into the mucus membranes lining the inside of the nose. The atomized particles of medication are small enough to penetrate the mucus and be transferred into the body quickly. This delivery method works by targeting the nose directly and entering into the bloodstream quickly, making the medication more effective than if it was simply swallowed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNasal atomizer spray tip is an important tool in administering medication intranasally. Nasal atomization has a high degree of accuracy and is an effective alternative to the traditional uses of luer-lock and hypodermic needle syringes. With this method of administration, medications are delivered directly to the nasal mucosa and is thus highly absorbed into the bloodstream. Nasal atomization spray is an ideal choice for intranasal drug delivery as it break up the medication particles into a fine mist that coats the nasal cavity. In addition, nasal atomization spray produces a mist that is gentle to the nasal mucosa and minimizes tissue irritation or damage. Nasal atomization spray is precise, safe, and efficient making it an invaluable tool for administering medication intranasally.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn-Depth Instruction Guide on How to Use Nasal Atomizer tip. This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on how to use How to Use Nasal Atomizer tips:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1. Wash your hands and the surrounding area with soap and warm water.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2. Remove the protective cap from the atomizer and set it aside.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3. Draw the prescribed amount of medication into the syringe provided.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4. Firmly and securely attach the atomizer to the syringe.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e5. Gently insert the nozzle of the atomizer tip into one nostril.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e6. Aim the atomizer tip so that the liquid is directed to the back of your upper nasal passage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e7. Press the plunger of the syringe to slowly and steadily spray the medication into the nostril.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e8. Remove the atomizer slowly and gently from your nostril and move it to the other nostril.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e9. Repeat Steps 5-7 with the second nostril.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e10.Carefully and thoroughly clean the atomizer with warm soapy water and dry with a paper towel.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e11.Replace the protective cap on the atomizer and store it in a safe and dry place.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Nasal Atomizer tips:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuestion:\u003c\/strong\u003e What is a nasal atomizer tip?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnswer:\u003c\/strong\u003e A nasal atomizer tip is a device that splits a convenient mist for nasal inhalation of medications to treat sinus and allergies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuestion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Where can I get nasal atomizer tips?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAnswer:\u003c\/strong\u003e Nasal atomizer tips can be purchased online or in some medical supply stores.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuestion:\u003c\/strong\u003e How do I use a nasal atomizer tip?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAnswer\u003c\/strong\u003e: Fill the medication chamber with the prescribed medication and attach it to a standard 50 psi compressed medical oxygen source. Place the atomizer tip in the nostril and press the atomizer button to direct the mist into the nose.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuestion:\u003c\/strong\u003e How often should I use a nasal atomizer split tip?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnswer:\u003c\/strong\u003e Generally, it is recommended to use a nasal atomizer split tip as often as prescribed. It is best to ask your healthcare provider what usage frequency is best for you.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuestion:\u003c\/strong\u003e Are there any side effects associated with the use of a nasal atomizer split tip?\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnswer:\u003c\/strong\u003e The most common side effects associated with using a nasal atomizer split tip include nasal burning and throat irritation. If these occur, it is best to reduce the frequency of use or use a saline solution prior to using the atomizer.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Nasal Atomizer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39979213979720,"sku":"ATOM300","price":5.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0996\/0350\/files\/Nasal-Intranasal-Mucosal-Atomization-Spray-Tip-MAD300.jpg?v=1748440633"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0996\/0350\/collections\/MAD300_Nasal_Atomizer_Spray_Tips.jpg?v=1729432748","url":"https:\/\/www.mountainside-medical.com\/collections\/mad300\/nasal-atomizer+spray-tip.oembed","provider":"Mountainside Medical","version":"1.0","type":"link"}