Glucagon Emergency Kit
A Glucagon Emergency Kit is a prescription rescue kit containing glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar. It is used in severe hypoglycemia (very low blood sugar) in people with diabetes on insulin. In particular, it’s meant for situations when the person is unconscious, having a seizure, or otherwise unable to safely take sugar by mouth. In those cases (for example, “passed out or cannot take some form of sugar”), a caregiver injects glucagon to bring blood sugar back up.
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Contents: The kit typically includes a small vial of powdered glucagon and a pre-filled syringe with sterile water for mixing, all housed in a bright-colored (often orange) box with instructions. (One description notes the box is “red or orange” and includes the glucagon vial, diluting syringe, and instructions.) The glucagon in the vial is freeze-dried (powder) and is mixed with the water from the syringe at the time of use.
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When to use: It’s strictly for severe low blood sugar emergencies. Key scenarios include: the person is not awake/alert, having a seizure, or cannot swallow. Official sources say glucagon injection is indicated “when [diabetes] patients…have passed out or cannot take some form of sugar by mouth”. In other words, if mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia occurs, one should normally give oral carbohydrates, but if the person is unresponsive or unable to eat/drink, the glucagon kit is used for rapid rescue.
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How it works: Glucagon is the body’s own hormone for raising blood sugar. When injected, it signals the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. As one resource explains: “Glucagon triggers your liver to convert stored glucose (glycogen) into a usable form…then releases it into your bloodstream”, which quickly raises the patient’s blood sugar level. This counteracts the dangerously low sugar level of a severe hypoglycemic episode.
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Administration: In an emergency, a trained bystander (family member, friend, teacher, coworker etc.) will use the kit. They first mix (reconstitute) the glucagon powder with the water from the syringe, then inject the solution intramuscularly (usually into the thigh or buttock) or subcutaneously. Importantly, this can be done outside a hospital; glucagon kits are designed for non-medical people to use safely. After injecting, the patient should be laid on their side if unconscious, because glucagon often causes nausea and vomiting. (Indeed, common side effects include vomiting.)
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Aftercare: Once glucagon has been given, always call emergency services or follow the patient’s diabetes action plan. Glucagon will usually cause the person to regain consciousness in 10–15 minutes, but they still need medical follow-up. After waking, the person should eat some fast-acting carbohydrate (juice, candy) as soon as they can swallow, to keep sugar levels up. Also, make sure to replace or replenish the kit after use. (The kit’s instructions emphasize: after use, “call for emergency medical attention”).
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Important reminders: Always keep the kit unexpired, and ensure caretakers know where it is and how to use it. Modern glucagon safety guides advise having more than one kit (at home, at school/office) and educating family or coworkers about it. Note that there are newer glucagon rescue products now: for example, a nasal glucagon spray (brand name Baqsimi) and a pre-mixed injectable autoinjector (Gvoke) exist. However, the term “Glucagon Emergency Kit” usually refers to the traditional vial-and-syringe kit used for severe hypoglycemia in insulin-treated diabetes.