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BVM (Bag Valve Masks), Ambu Bags, CPR Masks

What are Bag Valve Masks (BVMs)?

A Bag Valve Mask (BVM), also known as a manual resuscitator, is a handheld medical device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to people who are not breathing adequately or are not breathing at all. BVMs are essential emergency airway management tools used in ambulances, hospitals, and various emergency settings.

What are Ambu Bags?

Ambu bag is a term commonly used for BVMs. The word “Ambu” comes from Ambu®, a company that invented the first self-inflating resuscitator in 1956. While “Ambu bag” started as a brand name, it is now widely used to describe any self-inflating resuscitation bag.

How Do Bag Valve Masks/Ambu Bags Work?

  • Components: A BVM consists of a self-inflating bag, a one-way valve, and a face mask (or airway tube attachment) that fits over the patient’s mouth and nose.
  • Function:
    • When the bag is squeezed (manually compressed), it forces air or oxygen through the valve and mask into the patient’s lungs.
    • The one-way valve ensures that air only flows into the patient during compression and allows the patient’s exhaled air to escape safely.
    • The device can be connected to an oxygen source for higher oxygen delivery (up to 100% O₂).
  • Purpose:
    • Provides artificial ventilation until the patient can breathe independently or until advanced airway intervention is established.
    • Used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), respiratory failure, and anesthesia.

When and Who Uses BVM/Ambu Bags?

  • Emergencies: Cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, drug overdose, severe asthma attacks, drowning, and trauma.
  • Used by: EMS personnel, paramedics, nurses, doctors, and trained first responders.

How to Use a Bag Valve Mask (Step by Step):

  1. Position the Patient:

    • Place the patient on their back.
    • Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver (if spinal injury is suspected).

  2. Ensure a Good Seal:

    • Place the face mask over the nose and mouth, ensuring a tight seal to prevent air leakage.

  3. Ventilation:

    • Hold the mask firmly with one hand (EC Clamp technique: thumb and index finger in a “C” shape around the mask, remaining fingers under the jaw in an “E” shape to maintain airway).
    • Squeeze the bag smoothly with the other hand.
    • Rate: Typically, 1 breath every 5–6 seconds in adults (10–12 breaths per minute), every 3 seconds in infants/children (20 breaths/min). Observe chest rise with each squeeze—avoid over-ventilation.

  4. Attach to Oxygen:

    • If available, connect the oxygen reservoir and tubing to an oxygen source and set the appropriate flow rate (usually 10–15 L/min).

  5. Observe Airway and Breathing:

    • Watch for adequate chest rise.
    • Listen for air escape and signs of effective ventilation.
    • Check for obstructions, vomit, or improper mask placement if there’s poor chest rise.

  6. If Necessary:

    • Suction secretions if present.
    • Use airway adjuncts (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airways) if mask seal is difficult or obstruction is present.

A Bag Valve Mask (Ambu bag) is a lifesaving device to manually assist or completely take over breathing for people who cannot breathe, especially in emergencies. It is a cornerstone of resuscitation and airway management in pre-hospital, hospital, and critical care environments.

People Also Searched For

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What are Bag Valve Masks (BVMs)?

A Bag Valve Mask (BVM), also known as a manual resuscitator, is a handheld medical device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to people who are not breathing adequately or are not breathing at all. BVMs are essential emergency airway management tools used in ambulances, hospitals, and various emergency settings.

What are Ambu Bags?

Ambu bag is a term commonly used for BVMs. The word “Ambu” comes from Ambu®, a company that invented the first self-inflating resuscitator in 1956. While “Ambu bag” started as a brand name, it is now widely used to describe any self-inflating resuscitation bag.

How Do Bag Valve Masks/Ambu Bags Work?

  • Components: A BVM consists of a self-inflating bag, a one-way valve, and a face mask (or airway tube attachment) that fits over the patient’s mouth and nose.
  • Function:
    • When the bag is squeezed (manually compressed), it forces air or oxygen through the valve and mask into the patient’s lungs.
    • The one-way valve ensures that air only flows into the patient during compression and allows the patient’s exhaled air to escape safely.
    • The device can be connected to an oxygen source for higher oxygen delivery (up to 100% O₂).
  • Purpose:
    • Provides artificial ventilation until the patient can breathe independently or until advanced airway intervention is established.
    • Used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), respiratory failure, and anesthesia.

When and Who Uses BVM/Ambu Bags?

  • Emergencies: Cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, drug overdose, severe asthma attacks, drowning, and trauma.
  • Used by: EMS personnel, paramedics, nurses, doctors, and trained first responders.

How to Use a Bag Valve Mask (Step by Step):

  1. Position the Patient:

    • Place the patient on their back.
    • Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver (if spinal injury is suspected).

  2. Ensure a Good Seal:

    • Place the face mask over the nose and mouth, ensuring a tight seal to prevent air leakage.

  3. Ventilation:

    • Hold the mask firmly with one hand (EC Clamp technique: thumb and index finger in a “C” shape around the mask, remaining fingers under the jaw in an “E” shape to maintain airway).
    • Squeeze the bag smoothly with the other hand.
    • Rate: Typically, 1 breath every 5–6 seconds in adults (10–12 breaths per minute), every 3 seconds in infants/children (20 breaths/min). Observe chest rise with each squeeze—avoid over-ventilation.

  4. Attach to Oxygen:

    • If available, connect the oxygen reservoir and tubing to an oxygen source and set the appropriate flow rate (usually 10–15 L/min).

  5. Observe Airway and Breathing:

    • Watch for adequate chest rise.
    • Listen for air escape and signs of effective ventilation.
    • Check for obstructions, vomit, or improper mask placement if there’s poor chest rise.

  6. If Necessary:

    • Suction secretions if present.
    • Use airway adjuncts (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airways) if mask seal is difficult or obstruction is present.

A Bag Valve Mask (Ambu bag) is a lifesaving device to manually assist or completely take over breathing for people who cannot breathe, especially in emergencies. It is a cornerstone of resuscitation and airway management in pre-hospital, hospital, and critical care environments.

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